Colon and Rectal Cancer. El Salvador Atlas of Gastrointestinal VideoEndoscopy. A Large Database of Images and Video Clips with Cases Reported.
El Salvador Atlas of Gastrointestinal VideoEndoscopy
Adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon. This is the case of a 42 year-old, male with no significant past medical history presented with abdominal pain and no weight loss was reported.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 15.

Adenocarcinoma of the Transverse Colon.

 This is the case of a 42 year-old male, with no significant
 past medical history presented with abdominal pain and no
 weight loss was reported.

 For more endoscopic details, download the video clip
 by clicking on the endoscopic image. Wait to be
 downloaded complete then Press Alt and Enter for full
 screen.
 All endoscopic images shown in this Atlas contain
 video clips. We recommend seeing the video clips in full
 screen mode.
Virtual Colonoscopy displays a large irregular mass in the transverse colon near to the splenic angle. Virtual colonoscopy takes the information produced by a CT scanner and processes this information to produce an image of the colon's inner surface. The examination is possible because of new, very fast CT scanners and the refinement of computer hardware and software that have been used to produce modern digital movies.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 15.

Virtual Colonoscopy displays a large irregular mass in the transverse colon near to the splenic angle.

 Virtual colonoscopy method of screening the colon Virtual
 colonoscopy takes the information produced by a CT
 scanner and processes this information to produce an
 image of the colon's inner surface. The examination is
 possible because of new, very fast CT scanners and the
 refinement of computer hardware and software that have
 been used to produce modern digital movies.
More images and video clips.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 3 of 15.

More images and video clips.
Virtual colonoscopy image of the inside of a colon. Constricting adenocarcinoma and Nearly obstructing.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 4 of 15.

Virtual Colonoscopy image of the inside of a colon.

 Constricting adenocarcinoma and Nearly obstructing.

 
The lumen of the colon was reduced in diameter.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 5 of 15.

The lumen of the colon is reduced in diameter.

 
Stenotic large mass, however the endoscope was advanced to the cecum.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 6 of 15.

Stenotic large mass, however the endoscope was advanced to the cecum.
The Cecum, the hole of the apendix is observed.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 7 of 15.

The Cecum, the hole of the apendix is observed.
Virtual Colonoscopy the cecum of our patient.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 8 of 15.

Virtual Colonoscopy the cecum of our patient.
Annular Carcinoma of the Transverse Colon Virtual Colonoscopy. Virtual colonoscopy is a new procedure that fuses computed tomography of the large bowel with advanced techniques for rendering three dimensional images to produce views of the colonic mucosa .

Video Endoscopic Sequence 9 of 15.

Annular Carcinoma of the Transverse Colon Virtual Colonoscopy.

 Virtual colonoscopy is a new procedure that fuses
 computed tomography of the large bowel with advanced
 techniques for rendering three dimensional images to
 produce views of the colonic mucosa.

 
This picture displays the surgical specimen at the operation room.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 10 of 15.

This picture displays the surgical specimen at the operation room.
A close up to the fragment of the colon with this tumor.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 11 of 15.

 A close up to the fragment of the colon with this tumor.
More images of the colon with the neoplasia.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 12 of 15.

More images of the colon with the neoplasia.
The surgical fragment containing the adenocarcinoma.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 13 of 15.

The surgical fragment containing the adenocarcinoma.
A large Ulcerated Mass.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 14 of 15.

 A large Ulcerated Mass
Colon Gross Adenocarcinoma with the gross napkin ring pattern or apple core pattern. Note how narrow the lumen becomes in the area of the carcinoma. The mucosa is nodular and erythematous in this region, and is ulcerated.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 15 of 15.

 Colon Gross Adenocarcinoma with the gross napkin ring
 pattern or apple core pattern. Note how narrow the lumen
 becomes in the area of the carcinoma. The mucosa is
 nodular and erythematous in this region, and is ulcerated.

 
Rectal Adenocarcinoma near of the Dentate Line (Pectinate Line) retroflexed image. A 62 year-old male with rectal bleeding and thing feces no weight loss. The digital examination revealed a mass near of the dentate line.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 12.

 Rectal Adenocarcinoma near of the Dentate Line
 (Pectinate Line) retroflexed image.
 A 62 year-old male with rectal bleeding and thing feces no
 weight loss.
 The digital examination revealed a mass near of the
 dentate line.

 
Another image of this neoplasia, the colonoscope in retroflexed maneuver is appreciated. Adenocarcinoma of the colon is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity in North America and Western Europe. Colonic cancers are the most common GI carcinomas and have the best prognosis. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 50%. Survival rates may be improved by screening and removal of adenomatous polyps. Almost all colonic cancers are primary adenocarcinomas.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 12.

 Another image of this neoplasia, the colonoscope in
 retroflexed maneuver is appreciated.

 Adenocarcinoma of the colon is a primary cause of mortality and
 morbidity in North America and Western Europe. Colonic
 cancers are the most common GI carcinomas and have the best
 prognosis. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 50%.
 Survival rates may be improved by screening and removal of
 adenomatous polyps. Almost all colonic cancers are primary
 adenocarcinomas.

                                           Medline.
The treatment for rectal cancer depends on the location and extent of the tumor.  The goals of treatment are to cure the malignancy and to do so without a permanent colostomy. Pathophysiology: Colonic tumors arise as intramucosal epithelial lesions, usually in adenomatous polyps or glands. As cancers grow, they invade the muscularis mucosa and lymphatic and vascular structures to involve regional lymph nodes, adjacent structures, and distant sites, especially the liver.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 3 of 12.

 The treatment for rectal cancer depends on the location and
 extent of the tumor.  The goals of treatment are to cure the
 malignancy and to do so without a permanent colostomy.
 
 Pathophysiology: Colonic tumors arise as intramucosal epithelial
 lesions, usually in adenomatous polyps or glands. As cancers
 grow, they invade the muscularis mucosa and lymphatic and
 vascular structures to involve regional lymph nodes, adjacent
 structures, and distant sites, especially the liver.

A magnifying colonoscope was used. A magnifying image of some areas of the tumor.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 4 of 12.

 A magnifying colonoscope was used.
 A magnifying image of some areas of the tumor.
VIDEOCHROMOCOLONOSCOPY. Chromoendoscopy, the intravital staining of gastrointestinal epithelia, provides additional diagnostic information with respect to the epithelial morphology and pathophysiology.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 5 of 12.

VIDEOCHROMOCOLONOSCOPY.

 Chromoendoscopy, the intravital staining of gastrointestinal
 epithelia, provides additional diagnostic information with
 respect to the epithelial morphology and pathophysiology.
With the levels of magnification of the scope and structural enhancement image processing function of the processor set at maximal levels.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 6 of 12.

 With the levels of magnification of the scope and structural
 enhancement image processing function of the processor
 set at maximal levels.
Using magnifying chromoendoscopy, it is possible to establish a surface neoplastic profile that corresponds to the histological picture obtained with a vertical tissue section. Optical zooming increases the information yield (up to 150 ×) and provides images comparable to those obtained with a low-powered microscope.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 7 of 12.

 Using magnifying chromoendoscopy, it is possible to
 establish a surface neoplastic profile that corresponds to
 the histological picture obtained with a vertical tissue
 section. Optical zooming increases the information yield (up
 to 150 ×) and provides images comparable to those
 obtained with a low-powered microscope.
The pit pattern analysis of colorectal lesions by magnifying colonoscopy is a useful and objective tool for differentiating neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions of the large bowel. In its current state of development, however, this technique is not a substitute for histology.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 8 of 12.

 The pit pattern analysis of colorectal lesions by magnifying
 colonoscopy is a useful and objective tool for differentiating
 neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions of the large bowel.
 In its current state of development, however, this technique
 is not a substitute for histology.
 

 
This magnifying image displays polymorphism of this rectal adenocarcinoma.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 9 of 12.

 This magnifying image displays polymorphism of this
 rectal adenocarcinoma.
Rectal Endosonography (EUS). In this image made with the help of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS), the tumour is shown to have infiltrated all wall layers.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 10 of 12.

Rectal Endosonography (EUS).

 In this image made with the help of Endoscopic Ultrasound
 (EUS), the tumour is shown to have infiltrated all wall
 layers.

 See the video clip.
Rectal Endosonography. EUS can also obtain information about the layers of the intestinal wall as well as adjacent structures such as lymph nodes and the blood vessels.

 Video Endoscopic Sequence 11 of 12.

Rectal Endosonography.

 EUS can also obtain information about the layers of the
 intestinal wall as well as adjacent structures such as lymph
 nodes and the blood vessels.
Rectal Endosonography. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS). Different treatment concepts, including local excision, radical resection and multimodality therapy, are available for colorectal cancer depending on the tumour stage. Consequently, access to an accurate and reliable method for staging these tumours pre-operatively is essential if patients are to receive appropriate treatment. However, it is difficult to assess the depth of tumour invasion by the routine methods of barium enema, colonoscopy and CT. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination has added a new dimension to the evaluation of tumour invasion and lymph node involvement in gastrointestinal cancer.

Video Endoscopic Sequence12 of 12.

Rectal Endosonography.

 Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS).
 Different treatment concepts, including local excision,
 radical resection and multimodality therapy, are available
 for colorectal cancer depending on the tumour stage.
 Consequently, access to an accurate and reliable method
 for staging these tumours pre-operatively is essential if
 patients are to receive appropriate treatment. However, it
 is difficult to assess the depth of tumour invasion by the
 routine methods of barium enema, colonoscopy and CT.
 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination has added a new
 dimension to the evaluation of tumour invasion and lymph
 node involvement in gastrointestinal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma of the Cecum. A 69 year old female with weight loss of 20 pounds. Patient was referred to us with a barium enema showing irregular narrowing of the cecal lumen. There are some barium rest. The utility of double contrast barium radiography is dependent upon the skill of the radiologist in reading the subtleties of the resultant film. Additionally, successful studies are dependent upon the patient?s preparation and cooperation during the procedure.

Adenocarcinoma of the Cecum.

 A 69 year old female with weight loss of 20 pounds.
 Patient was referred to us with a barium enema showing
 irregular narrowing of the cecal lumen. There are
 some barium rest.
 The utility of double contrast barium radiography is
 dependent upon the skill of the radiologist in reading the
 subtleties of the resultant film. Additionally, successful
 studies are dependent upon the patient’s preparation and
 cooperation during the procedure.

This 58 year-old male, believes that his rectal bleeding was due to hemorrhoids, in fact had internal hemorrhoids and also a rectal adenocarcinoma.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 2.

 This 58 year-old male, believes that his rectal bleeding
 was due to hemorrhoids, in fact had internal hemorrhoids
 and also a rectal adenocarcinoma.
The first rectal valve shows the adenocarcinoma.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 2.

The first rectal valve shows the adenocarcinoma.
Cecum Adenocarcinoma. An 80 year-old male that was under anemia screening.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 2.

Cecum Adenocarcinoma

An 80 year-old male that was under anemia screening.
More video clips.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 2.

More video clips.
A 65 year-old woman, with weight lost of more than 20 pounds, with a palpable, a mobile mass that was detected in the epigastric by her family physician. Abdominal ultrasound and CT scan was performed, the radiologist detected a tumor that was suspected to be of the transverse colon.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 2.

 Adenocarcinoma of the Transverse colon.

 A 65 year-old woman, with weight lost of more than 20
 pounds, with a palpable, a mobile mass that was detected in
 the epigastric by her family physician. Abdominal
 ultrasound and CT scan was performed, the radiologist
 detected a tumor that was suspected to be of the
 transverse colon.
 
 Click here to appreciate the cat scan and the
 macroscopic specimens 
Post surgical statust. Endoscopic image of termino-terminal anastomosis. One year after the surgery, we performed a full colonoscopy.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 2.

               Post surgical statust.

 Endoscopic image of termino-terminal anastomosis.
 One year after the surgery, we performed a full
 colonoscopy.

 

A 43 year-old Salvadorean female living in the republic of Belize for more than 20 years. weight loss of more than 40 pounds and anemia with 9.2 gr./dl Physical examination found a palpable mass at right iliac fosa. The endoscopic image displays a Sub-mucosal masa Ultrasonographycaly that tumor mesured a 9.2 cm. long.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 2.

 A 43 year-old Salvadorean female living in the republic of
 Belize for more than 20 years.
 weight loss of more than 40 pounds and anemia with 9.2
 gr./dl
 Physical examination found a palpable mass at right iliac
 fosa.
 The endoscopic image displays a Sub-mucosal masa
 Ultrasonographycaly that tumor mesured a 9.2 cm. long.
   
An ulcerated adenocarcinoma at the ascending colon is displayed.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 2.

 An ulcerated adenocarcinoma at the ascending colon is
 displayed.
This 76 year-old lady, who start with rectal bleeding, at the colonoscopy presented this large mass at the sigmoid.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 2.

This 76 year-old lady, who start with rectal bleeding, at the colonoscopy presented this large mass at the sigmoid.

Status after rubbed band treatment for hemorrhoids. One week previously a hemorrhoid was ligated.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 2.

Status after rubber band treatment for hemorrhoids.

One week previously a hemorrhoid was ligated.
Adenocarcinoma of the Ascending Colon. This 40 year-old male, that has been suffering of severe abdominal pain and weigh loss of 40 pounds.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 2.

Adenocarcinoma of the Ascending Colon.

This 40 year-old male, that has been suffering of severe abdominal pain and weigh loss of 40 pounds.
More images and video clips

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 2.

More images and video clips.
CaSunc1

Video Endoscopic Sequence 1 of 9.

 This is the case of a 74 year-old male, this mass was found in his colon screener colonoscopy.

The tumor was found in the ascending colon limiting with the cecum.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 2 of 9.

The tumor was found in the ascending colon limiting with
the cecum.
Terminal ileum.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 3 of 9.

Terminal ileum.

 
Some biopsies were send to the pathologist.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 4 of 9.

Some biopsies were send to the pathologist.
More images and video clips.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 5 of 9.

More images and video clips.
CaSunc6

Video Endoscopic Sequence 6 of 9.

 
CaSunc7

Video Endoscopic Sequence 7 of 9.

The macroscopic specimen

The patient undergone laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with transverse ileum.

An ulcerated adenocarcinoma is displayed.

Video Endoscopic Sequence 8 of 9.

An ulcerated adenocarcinoma is displayed.
CaSunc9

Video Endoscopic Sequence 9 of 9.

 Inmunohistochemistry for cytokeratine of the colonic
 adenocarcinoma.